Hindi Grammar: Learning Parts of Speech

Grammar may be the rules of an language. To learn a language, you will need to know the rules. To start with, in mastering Hindi grammar, we study the different parts of speech inside the language. The areas of speech are similar to that in English language. The article lists the various components of speech in Hindi.
One of the best starters in a very language class is always to ask students to visualize a world with no language or any form of expression. The objective would be to remind the scholars and myself regarding how important language is. In every language, grammar plays a critical role. It organizes which. It increases the rules of the word what. Grammar in Hindi is recognized as vyakran. In this article, we learn the different aspects of speech within the Hindi language. The meanings of the Hindi words are shown in English in parentheses following the Hindi word. Where applicable, the Hindi script can also be given.

Parts of speech in Hindi grammar correspond with this of English. In Hindi, too, there are eight aspects of speech. The eight elements of speech are sangya (noun), sarvnam (pronoun), vesheshan (adjective), kriya (verb), kriya visheshan (adverb), sambandhbhodak (preposition), yojak (conjunction), and ghotak (interjection). Let us analyze the parts of speech individually.
Nouns these are known as sangya (संज्ञा) in Hindi. Just like nouns in English, sangya also name people, places, things and ideas. For example:
The following sentences contain types of sangya (nouns):
Pronouns are classified as sarvnam (सर्वनाम) in Hindi. Like in English, sarvnam are words used in place of nouns. For example:
The following sentences contain examples of sarvnam (pronouns):
Adjectives are classified as vesheshan (विशेक्षण) in Hindi. Just like adjectives in English, vesheshan also give more information about the sangya (noun) or sarvnam (pronoun). For example:
The following sentences contain examples of vesheshan (adjectives):
The verb, specifically the action verb, is termed kriya (क्रिया) inside the Hindi language. For example:
Note the verbs given in the example are for singular masculine subjects. For feminine gender and singular number, the verbs are conjugated as Mobile Numbers Girls khati hai (खातीहै), peeti hai (पीतीहै), and jati hai (जाती है). The plurals in the verbs for both the genders are khate hai (खातेहै), jate hai (जातेहै), and peete hai (पीतेहै).
The following sentences contain types of kriya (verbs):
Kriya vesheshan (क्रियाविशेक्षण) in Hindi does the identical work as that is certainly done by adverbs in English. These words give further information about the verb, adjectives, and also other adverbs inside a sentence. For example:
The following sentences contain types of kriya vesheshan (adverbs):
Prepositions are known sambhandbodhak shabd (सम्बन्धबोधक) in Hindi. Just as prepositions in English describe their bond between nouns, verbs, and adjectives, sambhandbodhak shabd are words this tell concerning the relationships of sangya (nouns) and sarvnam (pronouns) with all the other words of the sentence. For example:
The following sentences contain types of sambhandbodhak shabd (prepositions):
Conjunctions are known yojak (योजक) in Hindi. Like in English, these words complete the task of joining two sentences or elements of sentences. For example:
The following sentences contain examples of yojak (conjunctions):
Interjections these are known as ghotak (घोतक) in Hindi. Similar to in English, they are exclamatory words. For example:
The following sentences contain types of ghotak (interjections):




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All from the above mentioned elements of speech can further be grouped by 50 % categories:
Vikari: The word vikar means change. The words which can be changed in form are classified as vikari. Sangya (noun), sarvnam (pronoun), visheshan (adjective), and kriya (verb) will be in this category for the simple reason that their form could be changed. To form the feminine gender or plural of those words, the initial word is changed. Hence, these kinds of words are called vikari shabd. Different forms in the same word might be formed in case there is vikari shabd. For example, ladka (लड़का) is often a masculine gender singular noun; the feminine gender of ladka (लड़का) is ladki (लड़की) along with the plural number is ladke (लड़के). The word ladka is changed in order to create the feminine gender and the plural forms.
Avikari: The prefix a- prefixed with a word in Hindi helps to make the opposite with the word. Avikari category words include those areas of speech which cannot be changed or which may have only one form. Kriya visheshan (adverb), sambhodhak (preposition), yojak (conjunction), and ghotak (interjection) are avikari words. For example, the adverb jaldi (जल्दी), as well as the preposition aur (और) have only 1 form and are hence referred to as avikari shabd. These words cannot be used in any other form.
A practice exercises are available for download at Practice Exercise - Parts of Speech in Hindi.
References: Sachitra Hindi Vyakran (सचित्रहिन्दीव्याकर) and Manak Vyavharik Hindi Vyakran Tha Rachna (मानकव्यवहारिकहिन्दीव्याकरतथारचना)