「How to Form the Subjunctive of English Verbs: Using amp; Declining the Subjeunctive Mood of Verbs」の版間の差分

2016年7月27日 (水) 19:03時点における版

Grammatical mood is the expression of modality, which identifies possibility, necessity, and contingency. The subjunctive mood of verbs in English expresses commands, doubts, guesses, hypotheses, purposes, requests, suggestions, and wishes that are contrary to fact during the utterance.
All varieties of the subjunctive mood in English bear much resemblance to the corresponding kinds of the indicative mood. In fact, the subjunctive is distinguishable in form in the indicative in the third person singular present tense forms as well as in forms that need the verb be because the initial verb of the verb phrase. The following verb chart outlines the verb phrase patterns for the subjunctive mood:

The following chart provides examples from the subjunctive mood for your verb be, regular verbs, and irregular verbs. Note that the verbs highlighted in yellow differ completely from your indicative forms, the verbs highlighted in green differ only from the indicative forms inside the third person singular, and the verbs not highlighted are identical to the indicative forms. The verb be and other intransitive verbs do not have subjunctive passive forms.





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For example:




Unlike the indicative mood, the subjunctive mood often appears in subordinate clauses. Also known as dependent clauses, subordinate clauses contain both a subject matter and a predicate but cannot be complete sentences. Many from the verb phrases in the subjunctive mood inside the previous examples start out with the subordinating conjunction if. Noun clauses that begin with if in many cases are referred to as if clauses. The subjunctive mood in English most regularly appears in if clauses because such clauses always express possibility, necessity, and contingency. For example, inside sentence If the driveway were being resealed, then I would park traveling, my parking traveling is contingent upon the driveway being resealed.
However, not every dependent clauses that express possibility, necessity, and contingency commence with the subordinating conjunction if. For example, the boy not failing the exam was contingent on his studying as expressed in the sentence Had the boy been studying because he said, however not have failed test. The noun clause Had the boy been studying because he said is a subordinate clause which has the subjunctive mood. This noun clause you may also have written as If the boy was studying while he said with an if introducing the clause. However, in English, the if from the if clause can be taken off so long as the first auxiliary verb switches places while using subject. Therefore, the if clause If the driveway were being resealed is also written as Were the driveway being resealed without eliminating the subjunctive mood.
The subjunctive mood also appears in a very verb phrase carrying out a modal verb.

In addition to appearing in if clauses, the subjunctive mood also follows certain verbs and phrases that express possibility, necessity, and contingency. For example, some in the most common English verbs that consider the subjunctive mood inside the following noun clause include:


Some from the most common English phrases that also consider the subjunctive mood inside following noun clause include:

The conjugated verb phrase carrying out a modal verb is also always in a present subjunctive form.

Unlike in other contemporary Indo-European languages for example Spanish and German, modern English is quickly losing distinct verb forms inside subjunctive mood. Take for example the following two English song lyrics:


In the very first example, Beyonc?? uses the subjunctive mood of the verb be within the if clause If I were a boy. The use of the subjunctive within the clause If I were a boy expresses contingency; if Beyonc?? were male instead of female, she would perform things she lists. However, she actually is not male, so she uses the subjunctive to convey an idea that is despite fact during the time of the statement. In the second example, however, Gwen Stefani uses the indicative form of the verb be in place in the subjunctive form by 50 % if clauses: If I was obviously a rich girl if I would be a wealthy girl. She is still expressing uncertain modality (she would have only all the money in the world inside the event that she were rich) but works on the form from the verb that is identical to the indicative.

Many native English speakers similarly use indicative forms to convey the subjunctive mood. For example, a speaker who says His parents insist that they eats all his vegetables before his dessert is expressing subjunctivity but is employing the indicative form of the verb (eats) as opposed to the subjunctive form (eat). The decline from the subjunctive in English is even more apparent and inevitable given that about half Numbers Girls in the subjunctive forms are actually identical on the indicative forms. The subjunctive ended up working is indistinguishable in form through the indicative had been working. In fact, the use of subjunctive forms is merely required inside the most formal registers of English usage. Language change is inevitable, and many types of distinct subjunctive forms may soon disappear from the English language.
For information about other verb forms in English, please look at article The English Verb System for ESL Students.