「How to Form the Subjunctive of English Verbs: Using amp; Declining the Subjeunctive Mood of Verbs」の版間の差分

2016年7月27日 (水) 23:37時点における版

Grammatical mood could be the expression of modality, which describes possibility, necessity, and contingency. The subjunctive mood of verbs in English expresses commands, doubts, guesses, hypotheses, purposes, requests, suggestions, and wishes which are contrary to fact before the utterance.
All types of the subjunctive mood in English bear much resemblance to the corresponding varieties of the indicative mood. In fact, the subjunctive is merely distinguishable in form from the indicative within the third person singular present tense forms along with forms that need the verb be since the initial verb from the verb phrase. The following verb chart outlines the verb phrase patterns to the subjunctive mood:

The following chart provides examples of the subjunctive mood for the verb be, regular verbs, and irregular verbs. Note that the verbs highlighted in yellow differ completely from your indicative forms, the verbs highlighted in green differ only through the indicative forms in the third person singular, as well as the verbs not highlighted are identical to the indicative forms. The verb be and other intransitive verbs do not have subjunctive passive forms.

For example:




Unlike the indicative mood, the subjunctive mood often appears in subordinate clauses. Also known as dependent clauses, subordinate clauses contain both an interest and a predicate but cannot work as complete sentences. Many in the verb phrases inside subjunctive mood inside the previous examples start with the subordinating conjunction if. Noun clauses that start out with if are often referred to as if clauses. The subjunctive mood in English normally appears in if clauses because such clauses always express possibility, necessity, and contingency. For example, in the sentence If the driveway were being resealed, then I would park while travelling, my parking on the road is contingent upon the driveway being resealed.
However, not every dependent clauses that express possibility, necessity, and contingency commence with the subordinating conjunction if. For example, the boy not failing test was contingent on his studying as expressed within the sentence Had the boy been studying as they said, he'd not have failed the exam. The noun clause Had the boy been studying as he said is really a subordinate clause that contains the subjunctive mood. This noun clause could also be written as If the boy was studying as he said having an if introducing the clause. However, in English, the if with the if clause can be taken off so long because the first auxiliary verb switches places with the subject. Therefore, the if clause If the driveway were being resealed is also written as Were the driveway being resealed without eliminating the subjunctive mood.
The subjunctive mood also appears inside a verb phrase after a modal verb.

In addition to appearing in if clauses, the subjunctive mood also follows certain verbs and phrases that express possibility, necessity, and contingency. For example, some from the most common English verbs that take the subjunctive mood in the following noun clause include:


Some in the most common English phrases that also take the subjunctive mood within the following noun clause include:

The conjugated verb phrase using a modal verb is additionally always in the present subjunctive form.

Unlike in other contemporary Indo-European languages including Spanish and German, modern English is quickly losing distinct verb forms inside subjunctive mood. Take for example the next two English song lyrics:


In the very first example, Beyonc?? uses the subjunctive mood in the verb be inside if clause If I were a boy. The use from the subjunctive inside the clause If I were a boy expresses contingency; if Beyonc?? were male rather than female, she would do the things she lists. However, she actually is not male, so she uses the subjunctive to express an idea that is contrary to fact during the time of the statement. In the second example, however, Gwen Stefani uses the indicative form of the verb maintain place with the subjunctive form by 50 percent if clauses: If I would be a rich girl of course, if I would be a wealthy girl. She is still expressing uncertain modality (she would only have all the money inside the world inside the event that she were rich) but uses a form from the verb that's identical on the indicative.

Many native English speakers similarly use indicative forms to convey the subjunctive mood. For example, a speaker who says His parents insist that he eats all his vegetables before his dessert is expressing subjunctivity but is employing the indicative form with the verb (eats) as opposed to the subjunctive form (eat). The decline with the subjunctive in English is more apparent and inevitable due to the fact about half with the subjunctive forms are actually identical towards the indicative forms. The subjunctive was working is indistinguishable in form from the indicative ended up working. In fact, the use of subjunctive forms is merely required inside most formal registers of English usage. Language change is inevitable, and all sorts of distinct subjunctive forms may soon disappear from the English language.
For info on other verb forms in English, please see girls whatsapp number the article The English Verb System for ESL Students.