「How to Form the Subjunctive of English Verbs: Using amp; Declining the Subjeunctive Mood of Verbs」の版間の差分

2016年7月27日 (水) 20:07時点における版

Grammatical mood may be the expression of modality, which refers to possibility, necessity, and contingency. The subjunctive mood of verbs in English expresses commands, doubts, guesses, hypotheses, purposes, requests, suggestions, and wishes which might be contrary to fact during the utterance.
All types of the subjunctive mood in English bear resemblance to the corresponding forms of the indicative mood. In fact, the subjunctive is merely distinguishable in form through the indicative in the third person singular present tense forms and in forms that want the verb be as the initial verb in the verb phrase. The following verb chart outlines the verb phrase patterns to the subjunctive mood:

The following chart provides examples from the subjunctive mood to the verb be, regular verbs, and irregular verbs. Note that the verbs highlighted in yellow differ completely in the indicative forms, the verbs highlighted in green differ only through the indicative forms inside third person singular, as well as the verbs not highlighted are identical to the indicative forms. The verb be and other alike intransitive verbs don't have subjunctive passive forms.





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For example:




Unlike the indicative mood, the subjunctive mood often appears in subordinate clauses. Also known as dependent clauses, subordinate clauses contain both an interest and a predicate but cannot serve as complete sentences. Many from the verb phrases in the subjunctive mood in the previous examples begin with the subordinating conjunction if. Noun clauses that begin with if tend to be referred to as if clauses. The subjunctive mood in English most frequently appears in if clauses because such clauses always express possibility, necessity, and contingency. For example, inside the sentence If the driveway were being resealed, then I would park on the road, my parking on the road is contingent upon the driveway being resealed.
However, not every dependent clauses that express possibility, necessity, and contingency start with the subordinating conjunction if. For example, the boy not failing the exam was contingent on his studying as expressed inside the sentence Had the boy been studying as they said, he would not have failed quality. The noun clause Had the boy been studying as WhatsApp uk they said is often a subordinate clause that contains the subjunctive mood. This noun clause may be written as If the boy was studying while he said with an if introducing the clause. However, in English, the if in the if clause can be taken off so long because first auxiliary verb switches places using the subject. Therefore, the if clause If the driveway were being resealed may be written as Were the driveway being resealed without eliminating the subjunctive mood.
The subjunctive mood also appears in the verb phrase following a modal verb.

In addition to appearing in if clauses, the subjunctive mood also follows certain verbs and phrases that express possibility, necessity, and contingency. For example, some in the most common English verbs that make subjunctive mood inside following noun clause include:


Some of the most common English phrases that also go ahead and take subjunctive mood inside the following noun clause include:

The conjugated verb phrase carrying out a modal verb can be always in the present subjunctive form.

Unlike in other contemporary Indo-European languages like Spanish and German, modern English is quickly losing distinct verb forms within the subjunctive mood. Take for example the following two English song lyrics:


In the first example, Beyonc?? uses the subjunctive mood of the verb be inside if clause If I were a boy. The use in the subjunctive inside the clause If I were a boy expresses contingency; if Beyonc?? were male instead of female, she would do the things she lists. However, she actually is not male, so she uses the subjunctive to express an idea that is contrary to fact during the time of the statement. In the second example, however, Gwen Stefani uses the indicative form in the verb maintain place of the subjunctive form by 50 percent if clauses: If I would be a rich girl and when I would have been a wealthy girl. She is still expressing uncertain modality (she would just have all the money inside world inside event that she were rich) but uses a form of the verb that is certainly identical towards the indicative.

Many native English speakers similarly use indicative forms expressing the subjunctive mood. For example, a speaker who says His parents insist that he eats every one of his vegetables before his dessert is expressing subjunctivity but is utilizing the indicative form of the verb (eats) as opposed to the subjunctive form (eat). The decline of the subjunctive in English is much more apparent and inevitable considering that about half from the subjunctive forms already are identical towards the indicative forms. The subjunctive have been working is indistinguishable in form from your indicative had been working. In fact, using subjunctive forms is required inside the most formal registers of English usage. Language change is inevitable, and distinct subjunctive forms may soon disappear from your English language.
For facts about other verb forms in English, please read the article The English Verb System for ESL Students.